What Is Diabetic Neuropathy?
Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels. Over time, excess glucose injures the small blood vessels that supply nerves, leading to pain, numbness, or loss of sensation—especially in the feet and hands.
Types of Diabetic Neuropathy
There are different forms, but the most common include:
- Peripheral neuropathy – affects feet, legs, hands, and arms
- Autonomic neuropathy – affects organs like the heart, stomach, bladder, and intestines
- Proximal neuropathy – causes pain in hips, thighs, or buttocks
- Focal neuropathy – sudden weakness or pain in one nerve
Common Symptoms
Symptoms often start gradually and may include:
- Tingling or burning sensation
- Numbness or reduced ability to feel pain or temperature
- Sharp or stabbing pain
- Muscle weakness
- Loss of balance
- Increased risk of foot injuries and ulcers
Why It’s Dangerous
Loss of sensation means injuries may go unnoticed, especially in the feet. Small wounds can become infected and lead to serious complications, including foot ulcers and amputations if not treated early.
Who Is at Risk?
You are more likely to develop diabetic neuropathy if you:
- Have had diabetes for many years
- Have poor blood sugar control
- Smoke or drink alcohol excessively
- Have high blood pressure or high cholesterol
- Are overweight
Diagnosis
Healthcare providers may use:
- Physical examination
- Sensory testing (touch, vibration, temperature)
- Blood tests to assess glucose control
- Nerve conduction studies in some cases
Treatment and Management
While nerve damage cannot always be reversed, symptoms can be managed:
- Good blood sugar control (most important)
- Pain medications (as prescribed)
- Foot care and daily inspection
- Regular exercise
- Healthy diet
- Treating infections early
Prevention Tips
- Monitor blood sugar regularly
- Attend routine diabetes check-ups
- Inspect feet daily
- Wear comfortable, protective footwear
- Avoid smoking
- Manage blood pressure and cholesterol
Final Thoughts
Diabetic neuropathy is common—but it is not inevitable. Early detection, proper diabetes control, and good self-care can significantly reduce complications and improve quality of life.
If you have diabetes and experience tingling, numbness, or pain, don’t ignore it—speak to a healthcare professional early.