A cerebrovascular accident (CVA), commonly known as a stroke, occurs when blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures. Because the brain relies on a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients, any interruption can lead to serious and sometimes permanent damage.
Stroke is a medical emergency, and early treatment can be life-saving.
Types of Stroke
1. Ischemic Stroke
This is the most common type of stroke. It occurs when a blood clot blocks a blood vessel supplying the brain, reducing oxygen delivery to brain cells.
2. Hemorrhagic Stroke
This happens when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding and increased pressure within the brain.
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Risk Factors for Stroke
Several factors increase the risk of having a stroke, including:
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Diabetes mellitus
- Smoking
- High cholesterol
- Obesity and physical inactivity
- Heart conditions such as atrial fibrillation
- Previous stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)
Warning Signs of Stroke (FAST)
Recognizing symptoms early is critical. The FAST method helps identify stroke quickly:
- F – Face drooping on one side
- A – Arm weakness, especially on one side
- S – Speech difficulty or slurred speech
- T – Time to rush to the hospital immediately
Other symptoms may include sudden headache, dizziness, blurred vision, or loss of balance.
Why Immediate Action Matters
Every minute during a stroke, brain cells are lost. Prompt medical attention improves survival and reduces long-term complications such as paralysis, speech problems, and memory loss.
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Prevention
Many strokes are preventable by:
- Controlling blood pressure and blood sugar
- Eating a balanced diet
- Exercising regularly
- Avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol
- Attending regular health checkups
Conclusion
Stroke is serious, but early recognition and fast action save lives. Knowing the signs and seeking immediate medical care can make all the difference.